Case Study & Strategic Management Of EBAY - Free Sample

Question: Critically examine the relationship and the need for compatibility between corporate strategic and functional management policies. Analyse the internal and external influences on corporate objectives and strategy. Demonstrate the need for flexibility in strategic management and the practical limits of quantifying corporate strategy. Percentage Of Marks Awarded For Module 50% of the total marks for the module Assessment Criteria Explanatory comments on the assessment criteria. Answer: Introduction The business environment of the retail company eBay is evaluated in the report. Strategic purpose includes the business mission and vision of EBAY. To operate in the retail industry in UK, the company follows some values, which are discussed here. Strategic statement of EBAY presents a clear view on value proposition of the company (EBAYinc.com, 2016). As per the second quarter-2016, financial report of eBay the volume of merchandise is worth 20.9 billion dollar. The revenue that is earned is 2.2 billion dollars. In the second quarter of 2015, the net revenue was 2110 dollars and 2230 dollars in the second quarter of 2016. A strategy statement of a company consists of objective of the company and scope in the retail market. It also shows whether the company enjoys any competitive advantage in the market or not. The analysis of Macroeconomic environment of the company includes several political, economic, social factors and their impact on the company. These factors are external factors, which affect the strategy of the company (Ho 2014). There are internal factors such as business functioning, operation management, human resource, which affect companys strategic management. Future growth prospects of the company are discussed and presented through Ansoffs matrix. This is tool of strategic management, which helps the management to take approach for future growth of the company. Several aspects of the Ansoff matrix are analysed to assess the potential of the EBAY in product diversification or ability to develop new product in the retail market. Strategic purpose Assessment of strategic purpose of the organization Mission: Our purpose is to pioneer new communities around the world built on commerce, sustained by trust and inspired by opportunity. Vision: We seek to create a global platform that provides individuals and business of all types and sizes with the access to broad markets (EBAYinc.com, 2016). Values: The values that is followed by the company includes as follows: We believe people are basically good We recognize and respect everyone as unique individual We believe everyone has something to contribute We encourage people to treat others the way they want to be treated themselves We believe that an honest, open environment can bring out best in people. Critical analysis on relationship of strategic statement and functional objective EBay needs to have a well defined objectives for which they can strive. The objectives in connection with the mission and vision provide eBay and employees a goal for focusing the activities. The objectives would help in growing and improve the different aspects in the future. The company is trying to focus their work in extending lead in payments, delivering of better experience to customers of eBay, expanding of capabilities, connecting of sellers and buyers, driving sustainable ecommerce, operating efficiently and reducing cost. The objective of the company is to set a standard for maintaining quality of a product (Hill et al. 2014). Achievement of monthly target, how to achieve cost and price advantage, identification of companys strength and weaknesses are included in the strategic statement. In contrast, the functional objective states overall corporate objectives of the company. The corporate objectives include financial strategy, targeted sales volume per customer, budget, pl anning etc. The company eBay meets the environmental needs. The company is into conserving and recycling of energy, an objective that is linked to vision. Strategic statement shows long-term objectives of company and functional objective shows short-term objectives of the company. However, strategic statement is closely related to functional objectives. In order to achieve strategic objective, fulfillment of functional objective is essential (Lasserre 2012). External analysis Analysis of macroeconomic environment of the company PESTLE analysis Political factors: As per market review, there is a chance of depreciation of Sterling due to exit of UK from EU. Therefore, online shopping can be affected as import may become costly. Moreover, UK may loss the opportunity to trade in Free Trade Area in European Union. There is a fear for EBAY to lose both supplier and customer in European Zone. Political turmoil can affect EBAY business (Priem et al. 20120). The company eBay has been providing localized version of PayPal in the different countries. In the United States, the company has operated as transmitter of money. There are restrictions on the investment of customers funds, reporting and bonding requirements there is regulatory agencies in each state. Economic factors: Economic slowdown in UK affects the business operation of EBAY. Global recession decreases the sales volume of products supplied by EBAY across world and thus operating profit may fall significantly. On the other hand, with growth in ecommerce business the firm may contribute notably to countrys GDP, which further enhances economic growth rate. Inflation, tariff rate imposed by different importing country raise the price of the product and shipping charge, which may reduce the demand of consumers. Imposition of high rate of corporation tax by government affects the business (Ho 2014). For example, eBay is second fastest exporter as per the Asian Exporters Index. Indias eBay exports have be growing at 85% year on year. This trend will help in increasing demand that developed nations for country specific items. Social factors: Decrease in sales reduces net profit, which creates chances for job cut. If business profit of EBAY decreases due to economic disturbance, number of unemployment may rise if the management takes cost reduction policy by job cut. Increase in unemployment rate lead to decrease in the standard of living of people, which has social cost. Age is an important aspect affecting business. For example, the survey has shown 34% of the online shoppers of the age group of 18 to 24 years uses PayPal and similarly in the past for 12 months. Technological factors: Operating online business at international market, use of latest and user-friendly technology is required. Easily accessible website of the company can give the company competitive advantage. Using improved technology, the company can display the products in a more attractive way to the customers. Besides this, management can use an extensive database to manage information regarding supplies and customer, which can help in daily business operation (Ho 2014). There is always a risk of security for eBay as most of the products are put in the internet. The proprietary information would be at risk with security breach on our sites. There can be a severe breach of the information. The information if compromised will make the people believe that they are not capable of maintaining the site and will stop using our service. For example, eBay is expanding their role in platforms and mobile payments. Mobile technologies is a field they eBay is trying to explore. Environmental factors: The business operation of EBAY is performed by transaction of goods between sellers and buyers through this online platform. Packaging, distribution is part of the business. Therefore, the company needs to maintain Environment safety law in packaging, importing and shipping the goods. Use of bio degradable and recyclable products in packaging keeps environment safe. Environmental factors such as changing regulation for energy use can affect the business. The company is seen to achieve the objective of selling green products. There will be more consumption leads to carbon dioxide emission and thus a more polluted environment is created. There are more benefits achieved by people rather than spending. Legal factors: Environmental safety law, Sales of Goods Act 1979, Work and Safety Act 1974 are required to be maintained by EBAY to operate business in UK. Apart from these acts, company needs to abide by Electrical Equipment Safety regulation 1994, Gas appliances Safety regulation 1995 in business transaction (legislation.gov.uk 2016). There are legal issues that is put upon t is that there are people selling product in the website who do not deliver the products but hold peoples case and flies away. Threats: The online business is becoming popular in present decade. With the increasing demand and expansion of the market, three is possibility for new firm to enter into the market. New entry may reduce share of market of EBAY Company, as there will be increased competition in the market. There is also threat of illegal use of website by some deceitful people (Piotrowicz and Cuthbertson 2014). There are threats from existing business such as Amazon, Bonanza, e-Bid etc. Opportunities: With the increase in demand for online purchase, there are many opportunities for EBAY to expand its business globally. The company will come up with more number of inline stores in other countries, through increased portfolio through acquisition. The company is able to control illegal activities, its business performance may increase in future. Analysis of market potentiality of the company using porters five forces Competitive rival: Rivalry in this industry is high. There are strong competitors of EBAY such as Amazon, Etsy, Bonanza etc exist in the market. Competition comes from small firm such as e-bid in UK. When doing business at international market, the firm has to compete with local business operators of that country (Lee et al. 2012). Bargaining power of Customers: Customers have strong ability to bargain for the price of the product. If EBAY charge higher price for a similar product, customer may switch over to another online marketer. Bargaining power of suppliers: There are large numbers of sellers offering products in EBAY platform. Bargaining power of suppliers is thus comparatively low. Sellers may also switch over to another e-commerce business, if they do not accept the terms and condition set by EBAY. Threat of substitute products: This threat is very low as EBAY offers a wide range of products to the customers. In short run it may lose business if it fails to provide latest developed goods in market. In long run this threat is low. Threats of new entry: There are medium threats of new entry. It is easy to enter into this market. However, operate in his market requires huge potential. Existing e-commerce businesses operate in the market at wide scale. They have economies of scale and hence, offering product at low price is easier ((Lee et al. 2012). For a new firm operating at large scale initial is difficult with high startup cost. Some of the established players can influence the strong share of eBay. The established positions are for Amazon, Apple, Alibaba who has a potential to dent the position of eBay. There effect will be high on eBay. Internal analysis of strategic capabilities Strategic capabilities of the company Development of online auction model has helped the business to operate at low cost in the market. The pricing policy is mainly demand driven and customer oriented. Following this model, the company started to show description of product and attractive visualisation, which motivated customers to buy product from EBAY site. This strategy influence marketing and sale of product (Morris et al. 2015). During 2014, the company decided to cut job in order to reduce costs. However, during 2nd quarter of 2016, the company has been able to increase revenue by 6% compared to previous year. To increase the business at global level, the company has decided to acquire some small companies and increase in market share (investors.EBAYinc.com 2016). Information management technology and supply chain management is very strong of EBAY. During recession period, EBAY has taken strategies such as acquisition of Skype Internet telephony to raise share by 30% during 2009. During 2008, the company changes its business strategy regarding incentives to seller, fee structure and quality standard to reduce risk of global financial crisis (www.mirror.co.uk, 2016). Basic Resources Unique Resources Employees Funds Assets Physical Resource Online Store Network Brand Intellectual Property Patents Trade mark Figure: Unique Feature of eBay Source: (Created by Author) Basic resources of EBAY are human resource such as employees, financial resource such as funds, assets, physical resources. Unique resources are online store, network, brand and intellectual property such as patent, trademarks etc. Companys internal strategic capabilities depend on managing these resources (Shaw 2012). Discussion on the business function of the company Business function of EBAY includes providing a convenient platform to the customers and seller for transaction. This is an online retail business, which offers a wide range of consumer goods to the customers at a cheap rate. Overtime EBAY has improved the functioning of website. This company follows Business to Customer business model. Products are classified into different segments. This company values customer satisfaction criteria. It follows E-auction in setting competitive rice for the product. In the financial statement, this company includes Gross Merchandise volume, which analyses total closed transaction. Company follows GAAP measures for some element in financial statement and use non GAAP measures for some other elements. To analyse companys current financial performance, non GAAP measures are used (EBAYinc.com 2016). Figure: Organizational Structure of eBay (Source: Sahney 2015) Core Competencies of eBay: As per the core competencies eBay educates the sellers in finding and negotiating the best price for selling of the product in the market place this would be help in benefiting the sellers and buyers equally. There are wide ranges of products like electronics to furniture available for the customers which they are able to purchase easily through online at a much lower price. The company is brilliant in terms of promotion. There are more number of people who are visiting the online store of eBay as it promotes itself through magazines, online sites and the even through word of mouth. Basis of competitive strategy Competitive strategy is creation of better value chain in business. The competitive strategy of eBay includes same day delivery routing in which eBay tends to coordinate deliveries between the shoppers , couriers , stores on a 24*7 schedule. It takes hardly two hours for the dispatching from the point of sale, handling service logistics and delivery based on the preferences of the consumers. EBAY offers some unique features to the seller, which enables them to display branded and non standard goods unlike other competitors. E-bay sells products on auction basis, which gives it competitive advantage. EBAY gives priority to improvement in technology. Hence, it developed a program to facilitate both business and customers. EBAY has been successfully able to overcome all the previous difficulties faced initially by taking customer oriented business policy (EBAYinc.com, 2016). Strategic choice and strategic evaluation Key directions for future growth of the company using Ansoffs Matrix Using Ansoff matrix, management of EBAY can formulate future growth strategy based on four components. These four aspects of a business can help to evaluate long term growth prospects of this company (Hussain et al. 2013). The four components are discussed below. Market penetration Market penetration is a strategy to sell existing products in current market. Penetration in online retail market depends on creation of portfolio of product. Bundling strategy can be utilised. Increment in sale depends on aggressive market promotion strategy. Company can discount on sale of a product portfolio (Sahney 2015). New product development EBAY has opportunity to capture more market share by introducing new product in business. Giving priority to all types of customers, the company can follow current market trends for major consumer goods. Investment in research and development helps significantly in product development. Product development also includes packaging, labeling and use of latest technology (Fernie et al. 2014). New market development The company can divide total own market share into segments. It can open business in a new country, where online retail business is not so popular. Through market promotion strategy it can increase the awareness of people about online shopping. If the customers can be convinced that purchase through online retail store would give them cost benefit, this business may be popular in long run. If market can be segmented according to local preference, companys growth strategy increases (Wamba et al. 2015). Mixing local culture and flavour in business helps in market promotion. Company can divide market based on marginal revenue. Different products have different level of demand in the market. Therefore, in the product market, where demand elasticity is less, company can charge higher price compared to a market with low elasticity (Hu et al. 2012). Diversification Market diversification includes expansion of business in some other ways such as entering into new market and creating new products. Developing new products by maintaining environment standard increases interest of customer to avail the product (Johnson et al. 2014). Product diversification is important in long growth of the business. Horizontal diversification is required for loyal customers. As explained by Ansoffs matrix, diversification has risk of entering into unknown market. Operate into new market requires new skill and strategy (Boons et al. 2013). Additional training is required for existing employees to increase efficiency and productivity. Figure: Financial Data of eBay and it performance in USA (Source: Gong et al. 2013) Assessment of new market development Suitability Demand for online shopping increases overtime both in developed and developing countries. Therefore, it is suitable for EBAY to expand business in another country. Its suitability depends on understanding psychology of new customers (Gong et al. 2013) During 2004, EBAY took decision to expand business in China market. However, it failed to compete with local company Alibaba in China due aggressive market strategy (www.forbes.com, 2010). Hence, doing business in new market requires understanding local market deeply. Acceptability Acceptability of the company depends on customer choice. If the company fails to meet local needs, business cannot be successful. Maintenance of corporate social responsibilities in business process helps an organization to grow up in the industry. It can engage itself into some social work in target market to influence the customers. Incorporation local culture and language in system increases acceptability to the new customers (Chen 2012). Feasibility Feasibility depends on start up cost and financial performance of the company. Competition in local market influences Companys strategy. In order to acquire market, the company needs to have economies of scale. If the start up cost is very high to set up business in new geographical area, the company may not get competitive advantage in pricing, which may be detrimental for business operation (Johnson et al. 2014). Hence, keeping average cost at low level increases feasibility and opportunity of the company to develop new market. Life cycle Phase Requirement of funding Cost of Capital Business Risk Likely finding sources Dividends Launch High High High Equity Zero Growth High Medium High Growth investors Nominal Maturity Medium Medium Medium Retained earnings High Decline Low Medium low Debt High Figure: Feasibility Chart of ebay (Source: Created by Author) Conclusion and recommendations EBAY is multinational online retail company, which has good market share in UK and US. It has been successful in many areas to meet companys vision. It is very important for the company to diagnosis the strategic problem as the company has been a follower of innovation rather than becoming an innovation leader. There is high degree of competition that is faced by the company in the present and who are likely to witness in the future as well. There is a need for the company to formulate strategies. The strategies need to address the key aspects of the organization. To address a valid set of strategies there is a need to complete a SWOT matrix. There is a need for a course of action that suits better for the current position of the company. Nevertheless, the company has been successfully able to capture a significant share in online retail market despite having several challenges. Main strength of this company is having economies of scale, easy payment process, and high brand value. Inventory management nf information management system are strong in this company. Main weakness of the company is charging high price to the customers compared to other competitors. Strategy for development of new market has not been so effective. Long term growth strategy of the company is not so strong. However, during 2015-16 company has taken decision to change strategy to reduce the threat of new entry. Amazon is growing rapidly to overtake EBAY in terms of profit. References Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J. and Wagner, M., 2013. Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.1-8. Chen, S.C., 2012. The customer satisfactionloyalty relation in an interactive e-service setting: The mediators.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,19(2), pp.202-210. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Grant, R (2010) Contemporary Strategy Analysis: concepts, techniques, applications, 7th edition, Blackwell. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Ho, J.K.K., 2014. Formulation of a Systemic PEST Analysis for Strategic Analysis.European academic research,2(5), pp.6478-492. Hu, W. and Li, Y., 2012. Retail service for mixed retail and E-tail channels.Annals of operations Research,192(1), pp.151-171. Hussain, S., Khattak, J., Rizwan, A. and Latif, M.A., 2013. ANSOFF matrix, environment, and growth-an interactive triangle.Management and Administrative Sciences Review,2(2), pp.196-206. Johnson, G., Whittington R., Scholes K., Angwin, D. Regner, P. (2014) Exploring Strategy Text and Cases, 10th edition Prentice Hall. Johnson, G., Whittington R., Scholes K., Angwin, D. Regner, P. (2014) Fundamentals of Strategy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall. Gong, W., Stump, R.L. and Maddox, L.M., 2013. Factors influencing consumers' online shopping in China.Journal of Asia Business Studies,7(3), pp.214-230. Lasserre, P., 2012.Global strategic management. Palgrave Macmillan. Lee, H., Kim, M.S. and Park, Y., 2012. An analytic network process approach to operationalization of five forces model.Applied Mathematical Modelling,36(4), pp.1783-1795. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., Richardson, J. and Allen, J., 2015. Is the business model a useful strategic concept? Conceptual, theoretical, and empirical insights.Journal of Small Business Strategy,17(1), pp.27-50. Piotrowicz, W. and Cuthbertson, R., 2014. Introduction to the special issue information technology in retail: toward omnichannel retailing.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,18(4), pp.5-16. Priem, R.L., Li, S. and Carr, J.C., 2012. Insights and new directions from demand-side approaches to technology innovation, entrepreneurship, and strategic management research.Journal of management,38(1), pp.346-374. Sahney, S., 2015. Critical success factors in online retailan application of quality function deployment and interpretive structural modeling.International Journal of Business and Information,3(1). Shaw, E.H., 2012. Marketing strategy: From the origin of the concept to the development of a conceptual framework.Journal of Historical Research in Marketing,4(1), pp.30-55. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Wamba, S.F., Akter, S., Edwards, A., Chopin, G. and Gnanzou, D., 2015. How big datacan make big impact: Findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study.International Journal of Production Economics,165, pp.234-246. Forbes.com. (2016). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/china/2010/09/12/how-EBAY-failed-in-china/#53f3136e7abf [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. mirror. (2016). Meet Britain's oldest EBAY seller - he's making 100,000 a year. [online] Available at: https://www.mirror.co.uk/money/meet-britains-oldest-EBAY-seller-7537365 [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. EBAYinc.com. (2016). Our Company - EBAY Inc.. [online] Available at: https://www.EBAYinc.com/our-company/ [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. legislation.gov.uk Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://investors.EBAYinc.com/ [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016].

Motor Training Essays (4147 words) - Educational Psychology

Motor Training Motor training to develop readiness, motivation and means of expression, as a basis for learning programs Motor activity is fast becoming a valuable aid in the teaching of academic subjects to elementary school children. The realization of the place motor activity has in the classroom does not imply that physical activity is a prerequisite to learning but rather a method through which a child can learn more easily and understand more fully. Training in physical coordination is not only helpful in providing a child with a mode for expressing what has been learned, but it has become a factor in instilling in the child a willingness and readiness to learn and has also introduced itself as a base for a learning program. One writer, Maritain (1966), has described the function of education as primarily a source of liberation. In the case of the child whose learning problems stem from a learning disability, this liberation would consist of allowing the child to move about, to explore, and to receive impressions, to respond and to express. This call for movement as a basis of learning is further substantiated by Getman's theory that the skill of motor control and coordination is a necessary prerequisite to every intellectual activity. Cratty (1970) further states that movement is learning; learning requires movement. Some theorists seem to attribute all intellectual achievement to motor development rather than viewing motor activity as an aid to learning. One theory implies that certain motor activities when properly applied would prepare children in the intellectual areas of spelling, reading, and similar intellectual tasks during the child's first year in school. Cratty 1970). This theory may hold true if the motor activities are somehow related to the intellectual processes involved. It is important to remember that normal children have other resources to draw upon, namely a brain which permits the thinking and processing of ideas; movement alone cannot guarantee intellectual achievement but motor activity incorporated with intellectual processes can be tremendously successful. EXPRESSION One of the most undisputed ways in which intellect is affected by motor coordination is in tasks involving the written expression of intellectual thoughts in a certain area. One clinical study involving children whose verbal intelligence quotients were fifty points above their performance IQs showed that these children experienced a great deal of frustration when directed to convey their thoughts to written word. (Hellmuth 1968). Although the problem may involve the children's ability to express themselves there is a great possibility that they cannot write quickly or well and that the frustration experienced when placed in the writing situation interferes with their ability to formulate and express their thoughts. It should be noted that this writer is aware of other causes of inability in written expression other than strictly motor incoordination. As stated by Johnson and Myklebust, (1967) some children cannot transduce visual information to the motor system. This does not necessarily result from a visual or motor defect but as this paper is not about disorders of written language it will not be explored here. Since many of the so-called "show-what-you-know" tests are actually speed tests, a child with an eye-motor incoordination is handicapped by an inability to write quickly and accurately. If a child cannot move the hands accurately when putting thoughts on paper, usually academic difficulties will appear which could, in turn, lower the child's self-concept and contribute to the cause of an emotional problem. Grace Fernald (1973) points out the importance of avoiding a negative self-concept, due to failures, and the resultant emotional disorder. Myklebust (1968) points out that training in any aspect of a child's psychological development, such as motor, language, perception, and higher cognitive functions will help the child's emotional adjustment which will in turn lead to the ability to learn in school. One cannot always determine if the learning problem is primary or secondary to the emotional problem. Myklebust (1971) states that the following authors feel that a positive relationship exists between the two variables of learning and emotional problems; Bender, 1956, Bryant, 1966, Fernald, 1943, Gates, 1941, Giffen, 1968, Harris, 1970, Natchez, 1968, and Rabinovitch, 1962. Bryant Cratty (1969) recommends that children with visual-motor deficits be given special attention motorically and practically. The latter involves simply allowing the child alternative modes of expression, such as allowing the typing of tests and/or assignments or permitting tests to be taken orally with the same questions given to other classmates so that the child can succeed at a par with peers. The second form of compensation, for these children, involves concrete methods to improve their visual-manual skills through such

In Flanders Fields by John McCrae Essays

In Flanders Fields by John McCrae Essays In Flanders Fields by John McCrae Paper In Flanders Fields by John McCrae Paper Essay Topic: Poetry In Flanders Fields by John McCrae is a poem that has helped me to appreciate the unpleasant side of life. It is a poem that deals with the reality that soldiers sacrificed their lives for the living, telling them to finish what they started. It also contains a message from the poet John McCrae that we have a responsibility not to replicate the mistakes of the past. The poet uses exceptionally vivid imagery and skilful symbolism, rhyming, steady pace, well-placed punctuation and other poetic techniques to help me understand this side of life. The imagery used in this poem creates an exceptionally clear picture in the minds eye of what actually happened In Flanders fields. In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, This quotation gives the reader the picture of red poppies, symbolising blood, leaking out of the ground between the white unnamed crosses showing just how many innocent people lost their lives. There is a stark contrast between bright, living flowers and the plain, dead, tombstones. It is very effective because if poppies are left alone, they will keep on growing until there are thousands of them, just like there are thousands of soldiers buried In Flanders fields. Also McCrae uses very vivid imagery in the first paragraph. There is a feeling of hope because there is a continuation of nature in spite of what man is doing on the ground underneath the singing, flying birds. Then at this very moment of hope the singing is drowned out by the noises of man at war. The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. This quotation gives the reader a strong and vibrant image of what was happening In Flanders fields. The soldiers could see the birds flying above but could not hear them singing beautifully over the sound of their machine guns and mortar shells exploding all around them. Furthermore, in the second paragraph the speaker speaks to the reader as if he was one of the dead soldiers. To the reader it is influential, showing the dead were real living people at one time in history. They enjoyed life and saw things they liked, just as we do, but all of their hopes and dreams were shattered by war. We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, This quotation uses imagery to show the reader what the soldiers were thinking about in the days before the war when they saw beautiful sunrises and sunsets. This suggests to the reader what the soldiers saw while fighting; they did not see saw a nice sunrise or sunset, just a blood stained sky. We are the Dead. The poet adds emphasis to the fact that dead people can speak out from the grave by adding a capital d to Dead. Another reason is that they have no real name any more and the Dead is now their proper name. It also makes the reader realise just how many people died In Flanders fields by not giving an accurate number and using we. One of the best uses of symbolism is in the last verse when the dead soldiers are telling the next generation to finish what they started, to finish their fight against evil. To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. This quotation shows that the dead men thought that they were losing and could not complete their objective of wining the war. It also means that they were throwing on the torch of life as they died. The torch symbolises guidance, hope, victory and life, which must someday burn out or in the case of the soldiers, be extinguished. It is effective as again it reminds the reader of death, as the soldiers threw away their lives for the ones they loved. Probably the best use of symbolism in the poem is in the last line: We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields. In this quotation the dead people tell the reader that if they do not fight evil, there will be no peace in the world and more blood will be shed as the poppies grow. It is very effective as all the poppies in the poem symbolise blood. This tells the reader that even more will be spent, and that the dead will have died in vein, knowing that they did not bring peace to the world. These final lines might also point to the fact that some kink of poppies can be use to derive opium from, from which morphine can be made. Morphine is one of the strongest painkillers and may have been used to put severely wounded soldiers to sleep and put them out of their misery. The word sleep is symbolic here as they are really not sleeping but are fading into death. The rhyming in this poem makes the poem flow, just like the blood flowing from the wounded. The rhyming is quite regular as the endings of lines one, two, and five all rhyme in each separate stanza: blow, ago, foe The exception is in the middle, stanza two where only lines one and two rhyme because there is only four lines instead of the usual five. Also lines three and four rhyme in each of the stanzas: high, die The exception is also in verse two where only line three rhymes with the others. This is significant as it very cleverly shows that the soldiers never spent long on the battlefield before they died. The poet does this by making stanza two shorter than the others. The poem has a slow, miserable pace to it, symbolising first the slow pace at which the war was fought, the soldiers inching their way forward towards the enemy. Secondly the sadness felt by both the soldiers as their friends died around them, and the by the reader who learns of this terrible tragedy from them. The poet has achieved this by using punctuation extremely skilfully. There are several well placed commas, colons and semi-colons all used specifically to slow down the pace of the poem. That mark our place; and in the sky Take up our quarrel with the foe: These quotations show just how colons and semi-colons can dramatically slow down the pace of a poem. This is effective because it gives the reader the impression of the sluggish pace at which the war was fought. In the last verse the poet speaks of an unending quarrel with the foe. This is a really good example of irony because if one thing became clear during the War it was that there was no quarrel between ordinary soldiers, except maybe in the heat of a fight. The real quarrel existed only in the minds of some stupid politicians and high-ranking officers, who mostly never experienced the horrors of the battlefields. The message from John McCrae, is that we have a responsibility not to replicate the mistakes of the past. I think that the message comes across extremely strongly and makes the reader feel sad and sorry for the dead and their loved ones. The First and Second World Wars taught the world an example not to fight to such a large extent that millions of people die at some point in a battle. In conclusion I found In Flanders Fields by John McCrae a very interesting and intriguing poem. It helped me to see the unpleasant side of life and it dealt with the reality that soldiers sacrificed their lives for the living. By using exceptionally vivid imagery and skilful symbolism, amongst other poetic techniques to help me appreciate this side of life.

The Best IB Physics Study Guide and Notes for SL

The Best IB Physics Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips IB Physics HL and SL are difficult courses. Even with the best teacher, you will likely need to spend some time studying on your own to understand the most difficult concepts covered in the course. I remember I did when I took IB Physics HL. In this study guide, I've compiled links to all of the best free IB Physics study guides so you can easily find notes on the topic you're interested in. I organized this guide using the IB Physics syllabus. How to Use This IB Physics Study Guide If there is one topic that you need to review, use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search this guide for that topic. For instance, if you want to study Relativity, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type â€Å"Relativity† and it will bring you to all of the material for Relativity. If you are looking for overall study material for the IB Physics Exam, skip to the end of this guide to the Overall Reviews section for great overall study resources. First, I give you resources by IB Physics Topic. I label the resources as: Quick Reference: a one-page summary of the material if you just need a quick refresher. Longer Notes: notes (generally 3-10 pages) if you are looking for a more in-depth explanation. Slideshow: PowerPoint presentation on the material. Video: video reviews of topics and demonstrations of how to solve problems related to that topic. Topic 1: Measurements and Uncertainties Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Measurements and Uncertainties 1.1 Measurements in Physics Quick Reference 1.2 Uncertainties and Errors Quick Reference 1.3 Vectors and Scalars Quick Reference Topic 2: Mechanics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Mechanics 2.1 Motion Quick Reference 2.2 Forces Quick Reference 2.3 Work, Energy, Power Quick Reference: Work, Energy Power 2.4 Momentum and Impulse Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Topic 3: Thermal Physics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Thermal Physics Videos for Thermal Physics 3.1 Thermal Concepts 3.2 Modelling a Gas Topic 4: Waves Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Waves Videos for Waves 4.1 Oscillations Quick Reference: Forced Oscillations and Resonance Quick Reference: Simple Harmonic Motion Quick Reference: Energy Changes during Simple Harmonic Motion 4.2 Travelling Waves 4.3 Wave Characteristics Quick Reference 4.4 Wave Behaviour Quick Reference: Wave Properties 4.5 Standing Waves Topic 5: Electricity and Magnetism Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Electricity and Magnetism 5.1 Electric Fields Video: Electric Force and Field 5.2 Heating Effects of Electric Currents 5.3 Electric Cells 5.4 Magnetic Effects of Electric Currents Topic 6: Circular Motion and Gravitation Slideshows 6.1 Circular motion Quick Reference: Uniform Circular Motion 6.2 Newton’s law of gravitation Video: Gravitation and even more on Gravitation Topic 7: Atomic, Nuclear and Particle Physics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 7.1 Discrete Energy and Radioactivity Video: Atoms and Electrons 7.2 Nuclear Reactions Video: Energy Levels, Photons, Bohr’s Model 7.3 The Structure of Matter Topic 8: Energy Production Longer Overall Topic Notes 8.1 Energy sources 8.2 Thermal energy transfer Additional HL Topics Topic 9: Wave Phenomena Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 9.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 9.2 Single-Slit Diffraction 9.3 Interference 9.4 Resolution 9.5 Doppler Effect Topic 10: Fields Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 10.1 Describing Fields 10.2 Fields at Work Topic 11: Electromagnetic Induction Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 11.1 Electromagnetic Induction 11.2 Power Generation and Transmission 11.3 Capacitance Topic 12: Quantum and Nuclear Physics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 12.1 The Interaction of Matter with Radiation 12.2 Nuclear Physics Options Option A: Relativity Longer Overall Topic Notes A.1 The Beginnings of Relativity A.2 Lorentz Transformations A.3 Spacetime Diagrams Additional Higher Level Concepts A.4 Relativistic Mechanics A.5 General Relativity Option B: Engineering Physics B.1 Rigid Bodies and Rotational Dynamics B.2 Thermodynamics H3: Additional Higher Level Concepts B.3 Fluids and Fluid Dynamics B.4 Forced Vibrations and Resonance Option C: Imaging C.1 Introduction to Imaging C.2 Imaging Instrumentation C.3 Fibre Optics Additional Higher Level Concepts C.4 Medical Imaging Option D: Astrophysics Longer Overall Topic Notes D.1 Stellar Quantities D.2 Stellar Characteristics and Stellar Evolution D.3 Cosmology Additional Higher Level Concepts D.4 Stellar Processes D.5 Further Cosmology Overall Reviews These are notes, practice, questions, and videos covering all of the IB Physics topics mentioned above. These are great resources to use when reviewing for the IB Physics exam. Practice questions for every topic Core topics 1-4 notes Core topics 5-6 notes More physics videos Tips for Using These IB Physics Notes Now that you know where to find IB Physics notes, what's the best way to use them? Follow these three tips to get the most out of your notes. #1: Don't Ignore a Topic That You Don't Understand If you learn about a new topic in class and don't quite understand it, it can be be tempting to just forget about it and move onto the next lesson. Don't do this! The longer you wait to go over the topic, the harder it will be to actually understand it because you will have forgotten more of what you learned about it in class. If you're not sure of a certain concept or equation, use these notes to learn more, read the corresponding chapter in your textbook, and/or ask your teacher for more explanation. #2: Review Material Throughout the Year There are so many topics you cover in IB Physics that if you do not keep up with the material during the school year, you will find it nearly impossible to catch up. Don't wait until the last minute to begin your review. You will not be able to master it all in a few days or even a few weeks (which is why the class is taught over 1 to 2 years). Make sure you conquer the topics when your teacher covers it in class. Use this study guide for additional help. #3: Don't Forget About Practice Tests Practice tests are also a key part of studying. Once you feel you're pretty confident with your knowledge of the material, take a few practice exams to get a feel for what to expect on test day. Check out our guide on IB Physics past papers for free resources you can use. What’s Next? Want more IB Physics study resources? Access more IB physics study tools by looking at past IB Physics papers. We also have a few articles on the PrepScholar blog that you might find helpful for physics studying. Read up on the law of conservation of mass, the specific heat of water, and the formulas you need to calculate acceleration. Not sure which other IB classes to take? Learn more about the other IB classes offered and which IB classes are offered online. Almost finished with your IB courses? Check out our guide to learn when your IB exam scores will be available. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The role of legal systems in corporate governance Essay

The role of legal systems in corporate governance - Essay Example A Legal system is composed of a constitution, the different types of legislative bodies and legislation that is done by subsidiary law-making bodies like county authorities that carry out legislative duties such as the creation of by-laws (Brealy et al, 2007). Most legal systems in the world have two different branches that include civil law that deals with the law of torts, divorce law and the common law branch that deals with the commission of crimes and felonies. The judiciary is used for the determination of cases that fall in both civil and criminal law. The laws that deal with the collection of taxes and the administration of the tax laws fall under tax laws. Corporate governance has the stewardship approach where management is viewed as the stewards of the organization in terms of the asset management and employment as well as deployment of such assets in a manner that is consistent with the overall strategy of the organization (Enneking, 2012). It also sets out the accountability of the company towards the relevant authorities. Most companies are required to have a document setting out the corporate governance structure and policy. Corporate governance also entails the management of challenges that arise from separation of an entity’s ownership and its control. This discussion will focus on various issues; to begin with it will provide elaborate information in regard to the impacts of legal systems on corporate governance. Moreover, it will attempt to describe the effects of these systems on monitory unions and MNE firms. Background information shall also be provided that delve with legal systems as well as corporate governance. Legal systems affect almost every aspect of the society; one of the societal aspects that is affected by these systems is corporate governance. It is therefore crucial to research and determine the effects of legal systems on corporate governance

All medical care should be free in our society Essay

All medical care should be free in our society - Essay Example The word professional is the key here. In the dictionary it is defined as a person "engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood". Since profession is an occupation from where the professionals earn their livelihood, this expense has to be paid out of somewhere. Expecting the medical center to pay for the services of doctors, nurses and other staff would be a heaven at earth. Furthermore expecting the professionals to not get paid for their services would be implausible as they have to feed and live themselves. So therefore this cost has to come from somewhere, be it the patients, charities or the government. Charities exist for the welfare for the people. They collect from the willing donors and distribute the income to take care of the needy. If a person is in need of an operation, a local hospital may conduct the operation free of cost for the patient, but pay for the surgeon and the resources used in the operation through the charities received. Interestingly, this process is not at all free since somebody in the society is paying for it. Even if that person is not the patient himself/herself, a member or members of the society are paying for the medical bills of that patient. This sort of 'free' medical aid provision is also seen in some of the European countries and in the US.

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay Example for Free

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay Abstract In general, since mankind started translation activities, the study of translation has never ceased. Discussions about translation have become so frequent that various translation theories have been formed gradually in Chinese. In this paper, Habermas’s theory of communicative action reinterpreting the concept of the understanding of translation studies, and Translation to indicate this special form of cross-cultural communication in how to effectively interpret metaphor. Keywords: theory of communicative action; metaphor comprehension; translation 1. Introduction Translation is a metaphor of language as the carrier of the cross-cultural communication activities, but also a language that will carry the message to another language to the inter subjectivity of communicative action. Inter subjectivity of communicative action for the research, after Germany modern philosopher Habermass theory of communicative action (Theory of Communication Action) opened the door for people new window. The theory is  swelling in different philosophical ideas and views to choose based on the creation of a complex, multifaceted rational alliance system, it understood as the core language, based on critical theory of the financial community, general pragmatics, social evolution theory as a unified framework. 2. Under the theory of communicative action the concept of translation studies to understand 2. 1 Translation studies in the new way AC Zhu act theory. Translation Studies from the traditional structural linguistics semantic stage to stage, the development of transmission 90 to the 20th century deconstruction of the stage, after a lengthy process. Semantic translation of the traditional paradigm by the impact of the classical theory of knowledge, that man is the soul, the understanding of the object is totally dependent on the translators subjective feelings, emphasizing the translators understanding and inspiration, emphasis on spirit and Transformation, had gained the so-called flash in the pan. Because it is too much emphasis on the translators initiative to make this cross-cultural communication activities translate into a mystical practice. 80 years of the 20th century, structural linguistics in China set off a new upsurge in Translation Studies. People started to pay attention the text, try to use linguistic analysis methods instead of intuitive feeling that in the complicated hidden behind the words of a universal and regularities, as long as it can control the expression of all, making the translation into a simple mechanical operation, that is, the semantics of a target language are stored in the source language and regulations put a rule in the semantic content of thought into the preparation of. Obviously, such a tool and went to the other extreme too much emphasis on language as the object of the role of law, then followed by the fierce criticism of the ideological trend. Deconstruction gives people a new way of thinking. It broke structure, deconstruction of the system so that the provisions of one dollar to diversify the situation, the logical name translation from the language of Sri Lanka fetters doctrine, but still it will be translated once again into the irrational, too much publicity consciousness, so that interpretation becomes an infinite delay activity, the understanding and exchanges between people seems to have become impossible. How to overcome this ideology of intolerance, effective language as medium of intercultural communication activities? I believe that the use of Habermass theory of communicative action, for the translation of research to find a new way of reason. 2. 2 Translation understands the concept of re-interpretation. A French translator said: The translation is to understand and make people understand. Building understanding is the cornerstone of translation is the first step in the process of translation, not a good understanding of the translation step. When we think the theory of communicative action has opened a new translation of the windows, it is necessary to understand the concept of re-interpretation. Habermas believes that the language as a medium of social interaction, verbal communication to understand each other, or far from effective communication. Communicative action in the language, that language, the analysis can be regulated. Each speech acts and statements have the effect the dual structure. Purposes of section as the main statement, in the communication layer between the main body; and vice statement as part of statement, in the main contents of the table between the layers. Part of the implementation of speech acts in a decisive role, because it limits the relationship between language and the listener, but also the meaning of the Statute of the contents of the statement. The two structures in the speech act are interdependent. Sometimes words that are a part of which may be stressed, but it does not mean denying other part, but it only temporarily relegated to a secondary position. For example, my phone battery died, the phrase, seemed to be merely stating the fact that mobile phone battery is dead, but in fact it implies a variety of behavioral significance; ? because the battery died, so I just did not pick up the phone; ? I must go recharge; ? I will not carry a cell phone and with PHS, the PHS something please call me. This is the hidden part of the implementation of, According to the specific situation; it would serve the purposes of this or that effect. Searle that the idea of the original speaker, or intrinsic intentionality is converted to words, statements, signs, symbols, etc. , these words, statements, signs, symbols meaningful to speak out if they have a From the speakers thoughts in the derived intentionality. They not only have the traditional linguistic sense, but also with the intention of the speakers meaning. This is undoubtedly the words of Habermas and similar to the dual structure theory. Accordingly on the significance of understanding is also necessary to double the corresponding division. Understand a word should be divided into two to look at the presentation layer is the known what on the issue, and in the communication layer is the know-how of the problem. Know -what is the statement that those who understand how to reach such a clear knowledge and understanding that it can acquire the knowledge; from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him to be able to understand semantics, syntax, rules, line up the words, statements, mark the symbol what constitutes the meaning. know how is the statement that those who have the ability to construct or implement the ability of this speech act is an implicit awareness of the rules; from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him who can understand the speech of this implicit awareness of the rules. In this dual understanding, understanding of the content of verbal expression is an understanding (know-what), but to those who truly grasp the inner speech must enter double intentionality level understanding (know-how), that is part of the implementation of the understanding. Therefore, understanding can not be stuck in the form of a priori judgments must be reached in the communication process. to understand the goal is to guide a recognition that the sharing of knowledge, trust each other, the two international interdependence consistent with the subjective. It not only includes the traditional understanding of linguistic expressions, but also in connection with each other that the normative discourse related to the correctness of the background, and between the two main some kind of coordination , and the two participants in the process of communication is something the world to reach understanding, and the intention to make himself understood each other. 3. Metaphors Habermass theory of communicative action on the construction of translation studies methodology has the macro guidance of translation practice is also instructive significance? View of the Newmark said, metaphor translation is a microcosm of all the language translation, because translation to the translation of metaphor methods were showing a wide range of choices: either transfer its meaning, or reshape its image, or a modification of their, or their meaning and image of the perfect combination. The following instructions will use the metaphor theory of communicative action in cross-cultural communication The Interpretation of. Metaphor is a phenomenon of language use in the Dictionary not found in metaphor. Metaphor from the modern point of view of science should be in the form of metaphor with the exception, belong to different categories in the semantics, logic dislocation, resulting in a semantic conflict, and when the listeners have responded to the conflict, it generates a metaphorical sense, that is a metaphor to understand the words. For the metaphor of the operating mechanism, it was actually made such a description: Metaphor involves two different areas (areas) concept; the production of metaphorical meaning is the result of the interaction between the two concepts. This interaction by mapping the way in the mapping process, belonging to a related concept and structure of the field was transferred to another area, the final after the formation of a new synthesis of conceptual structure, that is, metaphorically. And this mapping and integration process is based on two areas of similarity in some respects. This is no doubt that the understanding of the need to double by metaphor. The process of understanding metaphors consist of two parts: the identification and metaphorical meaning metaphors inference. In fact this is a secondary level of understanding into the process of understanding. Give an example of people often referred to The tongue is a fire , from the presentation layer of understanding (an understanding), tongue by the American Heritage Dictionary defines this way: the fleshy, movable, muscular organ, attached in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing, and swallowing, and, in human beings,, important organ of speech . We can say that the tongue is an important organ as the human body, the first and most vertebrates have the same taste and chew and auxiliary swallowing function, in addition to, or who have speech capabilities important language organ. to the basic meaning of the center, tongue behind the formation of the word meaning a large collection: it can mean something shaped like a tongue, such as tongue of flame (flame), guiding tongue (rail-oriented switch rail), switch tong (switch to copper), can also refer to human speech acts and speech capabilities, for example, hold ones tongue (keep silent), lose ones tongue (lose the capacity to speak, as from shock). The other key words in the speech act of fire, in the American Heritage Dictionary can be found in the following definition; a rapid, persistent chemical change that releases heat and light and is accompanied not flame.  the same , the meaning behind it can be found in the collection, such as, cooking fire (cooking fire), forest fire (forest fire), wild fire (wildfires), the fire of cannon fire), and other specific forms of the fire. You can also find other meaning, such as the boy is full of fire (which decided the boy is very warm and excited), He was on fire for mismanagement (because of poor management and blamed). When the tongue and the fire both carry the meaning of their huge collection of words is embedded in the basic language of A is B frame (sentence) to go when the logical relationship between the two on the adoption of is, to interact. Is used to denote a equivalents. it literally, or change a point of view, the presentation layer from the listeners understanding of the term should be reasoning as follows: the tongue is a fire . is meaning that the two sets is in some ways equivalent. However, we are both from the above understanding of the meaning of the word of view, they clearly belong to two different categories, among them with a `is connected, the the equivalent of conventional logic does not work, so from the presentation layer, we can identify this is a metaphor, thus completing the first part of understanding metaphors. When the listener is clear that to use metaphorical language behavior, the expressed will of the true meaning of metaphors to infer, that understanding will enter the second stage of course, understand the purposes of this part of speech acts, understanding the original speakers thoughts, or inner intention. Can be assumed that if The tongue is a fire is said to give an artist is accused by the media to listen to, then the speaker or may contain a sympathetic glance report of intention. Artists are always much media attention, due to For various reasons, may be one-sided media, the exaggerated reports of certain facts, and spread such a report will be turned into a stumbling news and rumors, they will more or less to the artist himself or his cause to bring a number of trouble. The context is the equivalent of the tongue and the fire provides a logical possibility: the tongue the language of human organs the words of the act media coverage people reported adverse reactions (Wei news and rumors) to the artists themselves or their cause trouble (damage to reputation or hinder the cause of development), the fire will shine the chemical substances excessive light and heat of fire, destroying things, or even result in death, so that both the destruction of the found a similar function, logical reasoning tenable. The tongue is a fire means a variety of popular artists and no shortage of opinions and statements in the news or rumors coffee, they may attack their personality, or even because of their presence, the company lifted the employment relationship, or no one would dare ask this artistes. So we have reason to infer that the speaker is the issue of Renyankewei sigh, or cautioned entertainers say and pay attention to their own to avoid capture by the media hype after which her career. At this point, the listener to complete the original speech act of an effective understanding, guiding the listener and the speaker of some sort of recognition. Complete understanding of metaphor, must be made through an understanding (understanding of the content of verbal expression) to reach two to understand (the intrinsic intentionality of the speech understanding of those). In the same language system is the case, between systems in different languages should be so, because only then can an effective cross-cultural exchanges. How should we operate on the self-evident metaphor translation, or the preservation of the source language metaphor, or metaphor replaces the target language, or to have the target language  dominance feasibility, as long as it helps the reader to complete the intention of listening comprehension. 3. 1 Preservation of the source language metaphor. When the Metaphor and figurative language and translation in the source completely or substantially the same language, the metaphor for the body of the source language, target language readers will have to listen to listen to readers of the source language similar to the psychological Lenovo, and complete understanding of similar intent, target language are advised to preserve the source language metaphor. such as: Links to Research (1) He is the only foxes. English fox, fox and Chinese refer to the same animal, when it was used as that person when they contain cunning in Italy, even listen to the reader and writer, said in a different language systems and cultural background, it can effectively understand the implementation of the partial speech act: be careful of this man, he is cunning. Another example: (2) think tank think tank Think tank in the Chinese culture does not exist in, but the library in Chinese culture, store things in the middle, so even though the people in Chinese culture has not been recognized with the library to describe the characteristics of thought The collection, but this library of knowledge to guide on English culture think tank , the identity, so library This Vehicle can save down. After all, this cross-cultural communication, we can not underestimate the listen to the readers understanding, not to deprive them of their understanding of rights. In the translation process, in order to achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication, and sometimes need to work to preserve the source language metaphor, that metaphor at the same time preserve the source language to make the appropriate explanation. Such as: (3) What will it be when the increase of yearly production is brought to a complete stop? Here is the vulnerable place, the heel of Achilles, for capitalistic production. (Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844) If the complete cessation of growth in annual production, what the situation is going to do? Like Achilles heel, as this will be the Achilles heel of capitalist production.